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Landmark US Supreme Court Decisions

Created: Saturday, February 23, 2008 | Total records: 219
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CURRENT PAGE: 1 of 9. Records per page: 25. Add this database to your website	Order by: idPlaintiffvDefendantVol.SeriesPageAltern.YearSynopsis Per Page: 1510152550100
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id	Plaintiff	v	Defendant	Vol.	Series	Page	Altern.	Year	Synopsis
1
2	Hayburns Case			2	U.S.	409	2 Da.	1792	Decisions of courts under Article III not subject to revision by legislative or executive action.
3	Chisholm	v.	Georgia	2	U.S.	419	2 Da.	1793	Held that supreme or sovereign power was retained by citizens themselves, not by the "artificial person" of the State of Georgia. The Constitution made clear that controversies between individual states and citizens of other states were under the jurisdiction of federal courts. State conduct was subject to federal judicial review. Reaction produced the Eleventh Amendment, intended to prevent cases of this kind.
4	Georgia	v.	Brailsford	3	U.S.	1	3 Da.	1794	Jury has power to judge law in bringing general verdict.
5	Hylton	v.	U.S.	3	U.S.	171	3 Da.	1796	Sustained a tax on carriages as one on their "use" and therefore an "excise", subject only to the rule of uniformity, and not a "direct" tax subject to the rule of apportionment by population.
6	Ware	v.	Hylton	3	U.S.	199	3 Da.	1796	Struck down a state statute that impaired the execution of a treaty, based on Supremacy Clause, but refused to pass on the question whether a treaty had been broken, as an improper interference with executive discretion under the separations of powers principle.
7	Hollingsworth	v.	Virginia	3	U.S.	378	3 Da.	1798	Congress may propose amendments to the Constitution by concurrent resolution, not requiring signature by the President.
8	Calder	v.	Bull	3	U.S.	386	3 Da.	1798	Every law, which makes criminal an act that was innocent when done, or which inflicts a greater punishment than the law annexed to the crime when committed, is an ex post facto law within the prohibition of the Constitution. Ex post facto clause applies only to penal and criminal statutes.
9	Marbury	v.	Madison	5	U.S.	137		1803	Courts must not sustain unconstitutional acts of government.
10	Ex parte		Bollman	8	U.S.	75	4 Cr.	1807	Power to suspend habeas corpus vested only in Congress, but "the power to award the writ by any of the courts of the United States, must be given by written law."
11	U.S.	v.	Burr	8	U.S.	469	4 Cr.	1807	Established standards of evidence for treason.
12	Bank of the United States	v.	Deveaux	9	U.S.	61	5 Cr.	1809	“That invisible, intangible, and artificial being, that mere legal entity, a corporation aggregate, is certainly not a citizen; and consequently cannot sue or be sued in the courts of the United States, unless the rights of the members, in this respect, can be exercised in their corporate name."
13	Fletcher	v.	Peck	10	U.S.	87	6 Cr.	1810	Held that the contracts clause protected public grants. The first case in which the Supreme Court held a state enactment to be in conflict with the Constitution.
14	U.S.	v.	Hudson	11	U.S.	32	7 Cr.	1812	Courts have no jurisdiction over common law crimes, but have inherent power to punish for contempt.
15	The Brig Aurora			11	U.S.	382	7 Cr.	1813	Congress may legislate contingently, leaving to others the task of ascertaining the facts that bring its declared policy into operation. The revival of a law upon the issuance of a presidential proclamation was upheld.
16	Martin	v.	Hunters Lessee	14	U.S.	304	1 Wh.	1816	Constitution emanated from the people and was not the act of sovereign and independent States.
17	Sturges	v.	Crowninshield	17	U.S.	122	4 Wh.	1819	A State is without power to enforce any law governing bankruptcies, which impairs the obligation of contracts.
18	McCulloch	v.	Maryland	17	U.S.	316	4 Wh.	1819	National Bank was tax-exempt federal agency. Constitution emanated from the people and was not the act of sovereign and independent States.
19	Houston	v.	Moore	18	U.S.	1	5 Wh.	1820	A militiaman who refused to obey a militia call-up was not "employed in the service of the United States so as to be subject to the article of war", but was liable to be tried for disobedience of the act of 1795.
20	Anderson	v.	Dunn	19	U.S.	204	6 Wh.	1821	Either branch of the legislature may attach and punish a person other than a member for contempt of its authority. Imprisonment by one of the Houses of Congress could not extend beyond the adjournment of the body which ordered it. Led to Act of January 24, 1857, 11 Stat. 155, which established penalties for contempt of Congress. With only minor modification, this statute is now 2 U.S.C. Sec. 192.
21	Cohens	v.	Virginia	19	U.S.	264	6 Wh.	1821	Established two classes of jurisdiction, the first based on character of the cause (federal question), the second based on the character of the parties.
22	Gibbons	v.	Ogden	22	U.S.	1	9 Wh.	1824	Expanded definition of "commerce" from only transport and sale of tangible commodities to include "traffic", "navigation" or "commercial intercourse", and every species of movement of persons and things, whether for profit or not, across state lines. Expanded definition of "regulate" to be considered "plenary as to those objects".
23	Wayman	v.	Southard	23	U.S.	1	10 Wh.	1825	Nondelegation doctrine based on separation of powers. The federal courts may establish rules of practice, provided such rules were not repugnant to the laws of the United States. Judicial power to make rules of procedure derived from, and subject to, congressional regulation.
24	Ogden	v.	Saunders	25	U.S.	213	12 Wh.	1827	Act of Congress to be presumed constitutional until proven otherwise. Narrowed by Kovacs v. Cooper, 336 U.S. 77 (1949)
25	American Ins. Co.	v.	Canter	26	U.S.	511	1 Pe.	1828	Congress authorized to create "legislative" (Article I) courts, as distinct from "constitutional" (Article III) courts, with judicial powers, and jurisdiction in non-state territories. Resulting powers. Government has powers which result from the whole mass of the powers of the National Government, and from the nature of political society, beyond those which are a consequence or incident of the powers specially enumerated.