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Landmark US Supreme Court Decisions

Created: Saturday, February 23, 2008 | Total records: 219
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CURRENT PAGE: 2 of 9. Records per page: 25. Add this database to your website	Order by: idPlaintiffvDefendantVol.SeriesPageAltern.YearSynopsis Per Page: 1510152550100
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id	Plaintiff	v	Defendant	Vol.	Series	Page	Altern.	Year	Synopsis
26	Willson	v.	Black Bird Creek Marsh Co.	27	U.S.	245	2 Pe.	1829	Denied a challenge of a state law authorizing the building of a dam across a navigable creek, claiming the law was in conflict with the federal power to regulate interstate commerce, saying that the state act could not be "considered as repugnant to the [federal] power to regulate commerce in its dormant state[.]" (Origin of "dormant commerce clause" doctrine.)
27	Cherokee Nation	v.	Georgia	30	U.S.	1		1831	Upheld rights of Cherokees to remain in Georgia and retain their lands, and struck down state actions intended to deprive them of such lands, but Pres. Jackson refused to comply with court order, and allowed Cherokees to be driven out.
28	U.S.	v.	Wilson	32	U.S.	150	7 Pe.	1833	Defined legal nature of a pardon as a grant of relief from enforcement of a court sentence.
29	Barron	v.	Baltimore	32	U.S.	243		1833	Federal courts do not have jurisdiction in cases in which a citizen sues his state for violation of any of the Bill of Rights.
30	U.S.	v.	Clarke	33	U.S.	436	8 Pe.	1834	The United States is "not suable of common right, the party who institutes such suit must bring his case within the authority of some act of Congress." Established doctrine of sovereign immunity for federal government.
31	U.S.	v.	Bailey	34	U.S.	238	9 Pe.	1835	Upheld prosecution for violation of a regulation rather than the act itself.
32	Rhode Island	v.	Massachusetts	37	U.S.	657	12 Pe.	1838	“[T]he distribution and appropriate exercise of the judicial power must ... be made by laws passed by Congress. ..."
33	Games	v.	Dunn	39	U.S.	322	14 Pe.	1840	When judge and jury disagree on a question of law, the decision of the judge prevails. Previously, the decision of the jury prevailed. Enabled judge to decide cases without a jury.
34	Groves	v.	Slaughter	40	U.S.	449	15 Pe.	1841	The power to regulate commerce did not imply the power to prohibit it.
35	Louisville, C. & C.R. Co.	v.	Letson	43	U.S.	497	2 Ho.	1844	“[A] corporation created by and doing business in a particular State, is to be deemed to all intents and purposes as a person, although an artificial person, an inhabitant of the same State, for the purposes of its incorporation, capable of being treated as a citizen of that State, as much as a natural person."
36	Luther	v.	Borden	48	U.S.	1	7 Ho.	1849	Found that the Rhode Island legislature had been authorized to resort to the rights and usages of war in combating insurrection in that State, and that state declarations of martial law were conclusive and therefore not subject to judicial review, but properly within the discretion of Congress and the President. But the "insurrection", Dorrs Rebellion, was an attempt to compel compliance with state constitution by noncompliant state government, after exhausting lesser remedies.
37	Marshall	v.	Baltimore & Ohio R. Co.	57	U.S.	314	16 Ho.	1854	Created a conclusive presumption that all of the stockholders of a corporation are citizens of the State of incorporation, for purposes of representing them as a single corporate person.
38	Murrays Lessee	v.	Hoboken Land & Improvement Co.	59	U.S.	272	18 Ho.	1856	Sustained tax assessment and collection as executive acts which may be decided in Article I court.
39	Ex parte		Secombe	60	U.S.	9	19 Ho.	1857	The power of the federal courts to admit and disbar attorneys rests on the common law from which it was originally derived.
40	Dred Scott	v.	Sandford	60	U.S.	393	19 Ho.	1857	Held rights protected by Constitution apply to citizens rather than persons, and that blacks and their descendants were not embraced within the term "citizen" as used in the Constitution.
41	Kentucky	v.	Dennison	65	U.S.	66	24 Ho.	1861	In all cases where original jurisdiction is given by the Constitution, the Supreme Court has authority "to exercise it without further act of Congress to regulate its powers or confer jurisdiction..."
42	The Prize Cases			67	U.S.	635	2 Bl.	1863	Sustained the blockade of the Southern ports instituted by Lincoln in 1861, without a declaration of war, at a time when Congress was not in session, affirming a state of war could exist without formal declaration by Congress, imposed by the enemy, and requiring an immediate response without first getting authority from Congress in a declaration of war.
43	Ex parte		Vallandigham	68	U.S.	243	1 Wa.	1864	Held only Congress can authorize the substitution of military tribunals for civil tribunals for the trial of offenses; and Congress can do so only in wartime, but while war was still flagrant it had no power to review the proceedings of a military commission ordered by a general officer of the Army.
44	Gilman	v.	Philadelphia	70	U.S.	713	3 Wa.	1866	Congress has jurisdiction under commerce clause over "all the navigable waters of the United States which are accessible from a State other than those in which they lie" and that this "includes the power to keep them open and free from any obstruction to their navigation, interposed by the States or otherwise; to remove such obstructions when they exist; and to provide, by such sanctions as they may deem proper, against the occurrence of the evil and for the punishment of offenders."
45	Ex parte		Milligan	71	U.S.	2	4 Wa.	1866	Trial by a military commission of a civilian charged with disloyalty in a part of the country remote from the theater of military operations was held invalid. Civil court review of court-martial decisions is possible through habeas corpus jurisdiction. "The Constitution of the United States is a law for rulers and people, equally in war and in peace, and covers with the shield of its protection all classes of men, at all times, and under all circumstances." Held the Writ is not suspended but only the privilege, so that the Writ would issue and the issuing court on its return would determine whether the person applying can proceed.
46	Cummings		Missouri	71	U.S.	277	4 Wa.	1867	Cummings v. Missouri, 4 Wall. (71 U.S.) 277, 323 (1867) The phrase "bill of attainder", as used in Art. I Sec. 9 and 10 applies to bills of pains and penalties as well as to the traditional bills of attainder imposing capital penalties.
47	Ex parte		Garland	71	U.S.	333	4 Wa.	1867	Effect of pardon is to prevent or remove all penalties and disabilities that result, or might result, from a conviction and sentence, and in this case, relieved person from having to declare guilt for a pardoned offense in an oath required for the practice of law.
48	Mississippi	v.	Johnson	71	U.S.	475	4 Wa.	1867	President declared beyond the reach of judicial direction, either affirmative or restraining, in the exercise of his powers, whether constitutional or statutory, political or otherwise, save perhaps for what must be a small class of powers that are purely ministerial.
49	DeGroot	v.	U.S.	72	U.S.	419	5 Wa.	1867	Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction over Article I courts.
50	Ex parte		McCardle	74	U.S.	506		1868	Congress may remove jurisdiction from the Supreme Court.