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Landmark US Supreme Court Decisions

Created: Saturday, February 23, 2008 | Total records: 219
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CURRENT PAGE: 4 of 9. Records per page: 25. Add this database to your website	Order by: idPlaintiffvDefendantVol.SeriesPageAltern.YearSynopsis Per Page: 1510152550100
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id	Plaintiff	v	Defendant	Vol.	Series	Page	Altern.	Year	Synopsis
76	Field	v.	Clark	143	U.S.	649		1892	Nondelegation doctrine based on separation of powers.
77	Logan	v.	U.S.	144	U.S.	263		1892	Congress may prohibit injury or death of persons in custody of U.S. officials, caused by any person, enforceable by deprivation of life or liberty.
78	U.S.	v.	E. C. Knight Co. (Sugar Trust Case)	156	U.S.	1		1895	Constitutionality of Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 not addressed, but decision on construction of the Act impaired its effectiveness. "... the independence of the commercial power and of the police power, and the delimination between them ... should always be recognized and observed..." Maintained that: production is always local, and under the exclusive domain of the States; commerce among the States does not begin until goods "commence their final movement from their State of origin to that of their destination"; the sale of a product is merely an incident of its production. Commerce clause only extends to activity with a "direct" effect on interstate commerce. Overturned by Swift & Co. v. United States, 196 U.S. 375 (1905).
79	Sparf & Hansen	v.	U.S.	156	U.S.	51	,64	1895	Jurors do not need to be informed of their power to judge the law in bringing a general verdict.
80	Coffin	v.	U.S.	156	U.S.	432		1895	Court must instruct jury in criminal case that accused is presumed innocent.
81	Pollock	v.	Farmers Loan & Trust Co.	157	U.S.	429		1895	Interest received by a private investor on state or municipal bonds was held to be exempt from federal taxation, and tax on income from property is a direct tax subject to apportionment. Income tax amendment intended to overturn. (Overturned by South Carolina v. Baker, 485 U.S. 505 (1988).)
82	Plessy	v.	Ferguson	163	U.S.	537		1896	Sustained Louisianas 1890 Separate Car Act, held that "separate" facilities for blacks and whites were constitutional as long as they were "equal." The "separate but equal" doctrine was later extended to cover many areas of public life, such as restaurants, theaters, restrooms, and public schools, but was overturned by Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483.
83	In re		Kollock	165	U.S.	526		1897	Sustained a criminal conviction for violation of a regulation under an act to regulate commerce, which was ruled merely a matter of detail.
84	Addyston Pipe and Steel Co.	v.	U.S.	175	U.S.	211		1899	Upheld Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 to break up industrial combination to divide territories among themselves.
85	Louisiana	v.	Texas	176	U.S.	1		1900	Regcognized right of a State to sue as parens patriae, on behalf of its citizens, but denied it standing in this particular case.
86	De Lima	v.	Bidwell	182	U.S.	1		1901	The Constitution is not automatically applicable in all territories acquired by the United States, the question turning upon whether Congress has made the area "incorporated" or "unincorporated" territory.
87	Downes	v.	Bidwell	182	U.S.	244		1901	Constitution made for, and is binding only in, the United States of America.
88	Reid	v.	Colorado	187	U.S.	137		1902	Upheld first statute, passed in 1884, to impose criminal penalties for a violation of a regulation of interstate commerce, which prohibited transportation of diseased livestock across a state line. This overturned understanding that commerce power did not imply penal power.
89	Lone Wolf	v.	Hitchcock	187	U.S.	553		1903	Sustained statute which modified rights of Indian tribal members in tribal lands, thereby violating treaty with them.
90	McCray	v.	U.S.	195	U.S.	27		1904	Tax may be imposed for regulatory or prohibitory purposes rather than to raise revenue.
91	Swift & Co.	v.	U.S.	196	U.S.	375		1905	Business transactions, and the like, which are antecedent to or subsequent to a move across state lines, are conceived to be part of an integrated commercial whole and therefore subject to the reach of the commerce power.
92	Lochner	v.	New York	198	U.S.	45		1905	State statute restricting hours of work is a violation of due-process protection of 14th Amendment.
93	State of South Carolina	v.	U.S.	199	U.S.	437		1905	Commercial sales by state-owned entity subject to federal excise tax.
94	Illinois Central Railroad	v.	McKendree	203	U.S.	514		1906	Upheld criminal penalties for violations of regulations of interstate commerce, the first such penalties being in an act prohibiting the exportation or shipment in interstate commerce of livestock having any infectious disease, 23 Stat. 31 (1884), but held federal quarantine regulations of this sort to be constitutionally inapplicable to intrastate shipments of livestock, on the ground that federal authority extends only to foreign and interstate commerce.
95	Loewe	v.	Lawlor (The Danbury Hatters Case)	208	U.S.	274		1908	Combinations of employees engaged in such intrastate activities as manufacturing, mining, building, construction, and the distribution of poultry were subjected to the penalties of the Sherman Act because of the effect or intended effect of their activities on interstate commerce.
96	Ex parte		Young	209	U.S.	123		1908	Eleventh Amendment does not bar injunctive relief by federal courts against unconstitutional acts of state official, only against the State itself.
97	Twining	v.	New Jersey	211	U.S.	78		1908	State not required to protect right against self-incrimination.
98	U.S.	v.	Grimaud	220	U.S.	506		1911	If Congress so provides, violations of valid administrative regulations may be punished as crimes.
99	Houston & Texas Ry.	v.	U.S.	234	U.S.	342		1914	It may be necessary to regulate "purely" intrastate activities in order that the regulation of interstate activities might be fully effectuated.
100	Brushaber	v.	Union Pacific R. Co.	240	U.S.	1		1916	The taxing power "reaches every subject" and "embraces every conceivable power of taxation."